There are numerous translations of the Qur'an into English and certainly no one approved translation. There are many opinions about which one captures the Arabic the best. Arabic is a very difficult language and translating it is subject to a lot of potential interpretations. The Arabic text was mainly codified during the reign of the third Caliph, Uthman around 650 CE. However, please bear in mind that if you are a Muslim then you believe that Arabic is the language of God and that the Qur'an can only be read in that language. Also, the Qur'an and God came into existence simultaneously. The Wikipedia article on the history of the Qur'an is pretty good. I studied Arabic and Islamic History at Oxford University by the way.